What is Pictogram Graph? – Analytics Vidhya

Introduction

In the field of analytics and statistics where figures dominate, there is an important need to provide the way in how best to pass information to the larger community. Now this is where pictogram graphs are useful—a form of data and visual that qualifies as being easy to look at and understand rather than offering a plethora of graphs and figures that people do not have time for or the capability to understand. They are known as pictogram graphs, or pictographs in python, since the data is depicted in images or symbols which makes it rather colorful and easy to understand. Incase one is presenting trends to stakeholders or even explaining the results to student pictogram graphs are easy to understand.

Learning Outcomes

• Understand what a pictogram graph is and how it differs from other types of graphs.
• Learn the key elements that make a pictogram graph effective.
• Explore different scenarios where pictogram graphs can be used.
• Gain insights into best practices for designing and interpreting pictogram graphs.
• Learn how to create a pictogram graph using various tools.
• Understand the advantages and limitations of using pictogram graphs.
• Be equipped to choose the right visualization method for your data.

What is a Pictogram Graph?

A pictogram graph or pictograph is a kind of chart that intends to show some information using symbols. Different from what is depicted in bar or line graphs where quantitative values are represented in the figures used, a pictogram graph depicts amounts through symbols or pictures, which have been repeated to represent the amounts in question. In a typical pictogram every picture symbolizes a given amount, which will enable the viewer to uptake the necessary information easily.

Example: Consider a case of a poll with results on which type of fruits is preferred by a certain population of the society. A pictogram graph resembles a bar graph, but instead of using bars, it uses pictograms. For instance, apple icons might represent the number of people who prefer apples, with each icon representing 10 individuals.

Key Elements of an Effective Pictogram Graph

Creating a pictogram graph involves more than just selecting icons and placing them on a grid. Several elements contribute to the effectiveness of this type of graph:

• Icon Consistency: Ensure that all icons are uniform in size and style to avoid misleading the viewer.
• Clear Labels: Every pictogram should include clear labels that explain what each icon represents.
• Proportionate Icons: Each icon should represent a consistent value across the graph. For example, if one icon represents 10 units, half an icon should represent 5 units.
• Balanced Design: The layout should be clean and balanced, with enough spacing between icons to maintain clarity.

When to Use a Pictogram Graph

They are most helpful when the target audience may not have a clue on how to interpret complex data or when the designer wants to soften an important data so that the target audience will find it easy and interesting to understand. They are often used in:

• Educational Materials: Symbolic images make concepts easy for students to understand especially the young ones since it involves use of pictures.
• Public Presentations: Pictograms can make statistical data easier to understand when presented to the general populace.
• Infographics: Tactical immortalizing stays taut, but people commonly use pictograms in infographics because they transmit information quickly.
• Marketing Reports: Companies also employ pictogram graphs with a view of popularizing some crucial figures and trends.

Best Practices for Designing a Pictogram Graph

To create a pictogram graph that communicates your data effectively, consider the following best practices:

• Choose Appropriate Icons: Select icons that are directly related to the data being presented. For example, use car icons to represent vehicle sales.
• Avoid Clutter: Don’t overcrowd the graph with too many icons. If the data set is large, consider using another type of graph or breaking the data into smaller segments.
• Use Color Wisely: Colors should enhance readability, not distract. Stick to a consistent color scheme that aligns with the message.
• Keep It Simple: The power of a this graph lies in its simplicity. Focus on the key data points and avoid unnecessary embellishments.

How to Create a Pictogram Graph?

You can create a pictogram graph using various tools, ranging from basic software like Microsoft Excel to specialized design tools like Adobe Illustrator. Here’s a step-by-step guide using Excel:

• Prepare Your Data: Organize your data in a simple table, making sure each data point is clear.
• Select Icons: Choose or create icons that will represent your data points.
• Insert Icons: Use Excel’s “Insert” feature to add icons to your sheet. Place them in cells corresponding to your data.
• Format Icons: Adjust the size and alignment of your icons to ensure consistency.
• Add Labels: Clearly label each row or column to explain what each icon represents.
• Review and Adjust: Ensure the graph is easy to read and accurately represents your data.

Implementation with Code

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pywaffle import Waffle

data = {'Car': 58, 'Pickup': 21, 'Truck': 11, 'Motorcycle': 7}
fig = plt.figure(
    FigureClass=Waffle,
    rows=5,
    values=data,
    colors=["#c1d82f", "#00a4e4", "#fbb034", '#6a737b'],
    legend={'loc': 'upper left', 'bbox_to_anchor': (1, 1)},
    icons=['car-side', 'truck-pickup', 'truck', 'motorcycle'],
    font_size=12,
    icon_legend=True
)
plt.show()

Output:

Advantages and Limitations of Pictogram Graphs

We will now look into the advantages and limitations of these graphs.

Advantages:

• User-Friendly: Easy for viewers to interpret, especially those unfamiliar with data analysis.
• Engaging: Visually appealing and often more engaging than traditional charts.
• Relatable: Uses familiar symbols to make data more relatable.

Limitations:

• Limited Detail: Pictograms are better suited for simplified data and may not be ideal for complex datasets.
• Scale Issues: Representing small values or large datasets can be challenging without losing clarity.
• Design Time: Creating a well-designed pictogram graph can be time-consuming, especially for larger datasets.

Conclusion

The pictogram graphs are one of the graphical methods of presenting data where human mind is eased in perceiving and thereby comprehending general data information. Due to clean and beautiful look, these graphs are perfect for use in education, presentation to the public and business marketing. But these should be used judiciously, so that the icons, the labels, and the overall look of the GUI conveys the intended message. The literacy of the pictogram graph is a unique way of making number speak for it in a way that would be appealing to the viewers.

Frequently Asked Questions